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2.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 43(3): 287-294, July-Sept. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346256

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Transfusion of ABO-compatible non-identical platelets (PTLs), fresh plasma (FP) and red blood cells (RBCs) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality of recipients. Trauma victims are frequently exposed to ABO non-identical products, given the need for emergency transfusions. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of the transfusion of ABO non-identical blood products on the severity and all-cause 30-day mortality of trauma patients. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center cohort, which included trauma patients who received emergency transfusions in the first 24 h of hospitalization. Patients were divided in two groups according to the use of <3 or ≥3 ABO non-identical blood products. The patient severity, measured by the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHEII) score at ICU admission, and the 30-day mortality were compared between groups. Results: Two hundred and sixteen trauma patients were enrolled. Of these, 21.3% received ≥3 ABO non-identical blood products (RBCs, PLTs and FP or cryoprecipitate). The transfusion of ≥3 ABO non-identical blood products in the first 24 h of hospitalization was independently associated with a higher APACHEII score at ICU admission (OR = 3.28 and CI95% = 1.48-7.16). Transfusion of at least one unit of ABO non-identical PTLs was also associated with severity (OR = 10.89 and CI95% = 3.38-38.49). Transfusion of ABO non-identical blood products was not associated with a higher 30-day mortality in the studied cohort. Conclusion: The transfusion of ABO non-identical blood products and, especially, of ABO non-identical PLTs may be associated with the greater severity of trauma patients at ICU admission. The transfusion of ABO non-identical blood products in the trauma setting is not without risks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Transfusion , ABO Blood-Group System , Wounds and Injuries , Blood Platelets , Erythrocytes
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(5): 383-389, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975940

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The clinical, functional, radiological and genotypic descriptions of patients with an alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) gene mutation in a referral center for COPD in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with an A1AT gene mutation compatible with deficiency. We evaluated the A1AT dosage and genotypic, demographic, clinical, tomographic, and functional characteristics of these patients. Results: Among the 43 patients suspected of A1AT deficiency (A1ATD), the disease was confirmed by genotyping in 27 of them. The A1AT median dosage was 45 mg/dL, and 4 patients (15%) had a normal dosage. Median age was 54, 63% of the patients were male, and the respiratory symptoms started at the age of 40. The median FEV1 was 1.37L (43% predicted). Tomographic emphysema was found in 77.8% of the individuals. The emphysema was panlobular in 76% of them and 48% had lower lobe predominance. The frequency of bronchiectasis was 52% and the frequency of bronchial thickening was 81.5%. The most common genotype was Pi*ZZ in 40.7% of participants. The other genotypes found were: Pi*SZ (18.5%), PiM1Z (14.8%), Pi*M1S (7.4%), Pi*M2Z (3.7%), Pi*M1I (3.7%), Pi*ZMnichinan (3.7%), Pi*M3Plowell (3.7%), and Pi*SF (3.7%). We did not find any significant difference in age, smoking load, FEV1, or the presence of bronchiectasis between the groups with a normal and a reduced A1AT dosage, neither for 1 nor 2-allele mutation for A1ATD. Conclusions: Our patients presented a high frequency of emphysema, bronchiectasis and bronchial thickening, and early-beginning respiratory symptoms. The most frequent genotype was Pi*ZZ. Heterozygous genotypes and normal levels of A1AT also manifested significant lung disease.


RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterização clínica, funcional, radiológica e genotípica dos pacientes portadores de mutações do gene da alfa-1 antitripsina (A1AT) em um centro de referência em doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal de pacientes com mutação no gene da A1AT compatível com deficiência. Foram avaliadas características genotípicas, demográficas, clínicas, tomográficas, de função pulmonar, e dosagem de A1AT. Resultados: De 43 pacientes suspeitos para deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina (DA1AT), a doença foi confirmada por genotipagem em 27. A mediana da dosagem de A1AT foi de 45 mg/dL, e 4 pacientes (15%) apresentavam dosagens normais. A idade mediana foi de 54 anos, 63% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino e a idade do início dos sintomas prevalente foi aos 40 anos. A mediana do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) foi de 1,37 L (43% do previsto). Enfisema tomográfico foi encontrado em 77,8% dos indivíduos, sendo panlobular em 76% e de predomínio em lobos inferiores em 48%. A frequência de bronquiectasias foi de 52%, e a de espessamento brônquico, de 81,5%. O genótipo mais encontrado foi Pi*ZZ (40,7%). Os demais genótipos foram: Pi*SZ (18,5%), Pi*M1Z (14,8%), Pi*M1S (7,4%), Pi*M2Z (3,7%), Pi*M1I (3,7%), Pi*ZMnichinan (3,7%), Pi*M3Plowell (3,7%) e Pi*SF (3,7%). Não encontramos diferença significativa para idade, carga tabágica, VEF1 e presença de bronquiectasias entre os grupos com dosagem de A1AT normal versus alterada, nem entre 1 alelo versus 2 alelos com mutação para DA1AT. Conclusões: Nossos pacientes apresentaram alta frequência de enfisema, bronquiectasias e espessamento brônquico, com início precoce dos sintomas respiratórios. O genótipo mais frequente foi Pi*ZZ, embora genótipos heterozigotos e níveis normais de A1AT também tenham se manifestado com doença pulmonar significativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Phenotype , Respiratory Function Tests , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cross-Sectional Studies , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Genotype
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(4): 299-306, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975925

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities in patients screened for coronary artery disease (CAD) and the risk factors for lung function impairment. Methods: Patients referred for cardiac CT underwent spirometry and were subsequently divided into two groups, namely normal lung function and abnormal lung function. The prevalence of spirometric abnormalities was calculated for the following subgroups of patients: smokers, patients with metabolic syndrome, elderly patients, and patients with obstructive coronary lesions. All groups and subgroups were compared in terms of the coronary artery calcium score and the Duke CAD severity index. Results: A total of 205 patients completed the study. Of those, 147 (72%) had normal lung function and 58 (28%) had abnormal lung function. The median coronary artery calcium score was 1 for the patients with normal lung function and 36 for those with abnormal lung function (p = 0.01). The mean Duke CAD severity index was 15 for the former and 27 for the latter (p < 0.01). Being a smoker was associated with the highest OR for abnormal lung function, followed by being over 65 years of age and having obstructive coronary lesions. Conclusions: The prevalence of spirometric abnormalities appears to be high in patients undergoing cardiac CT for CAD screening. Smokers, elderly individuals, and patients with CAD are at an increased risk of lung function abnormalities and therefore should undergo spirometry. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01734629 [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/])


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de alterações espirométricas em pacientes submetidos a investigação para detecção de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) e os fatores de risco de comprometimento da função pulmonar. Métodos: Pacientes encaminhados para TC cardíaca foram submetidos a espirometria e, em seguida, divididos em dois grupos: função pulmonar normal e função pulmonar anormal. A prevalência de alterações espirométricas foi calculada em fumantes, pacientes com síndrome metabólica, idosos e portadores de lesões coronárias obstrutivas. Os grupos e subgrupos foram comparados quanto ao escore de cálcio coronariano e ao índice de gravidade de DAC de Duke. Resultados: Completaram o estudo 205 pacientes. Destes, 147 (72%) apresentaram função pulmonar normal e 58 (28%) apresentaram função pulmonar anormal. A mediana do escore de cálcio coronariano foi 1 nos pacientes com função pulmonar normal e 36 naqueles com função pulmonar anormal (p = 0,01). A média do índice de gravidade de DAC de Duke foi = 15 nos pacientes com função pulmonar normal e 27 nos pacientes com função pulmonar anormal (p < 0,01). O tabagismo apresentou a maior OR de função pulmonar anormal, seguido de idade > 65 anos e lesões coronarianas obstrutivas. Conclusões: A prevalência de alterações espirométricas parece ser alta em pacientes submetidos a TC cardíaca para detecção de DAC. O risco de função pulmonar anormal é maior em fumantes, idosos e pacientes com DAC, os quais, portanto, devem ser submetidos a espirometria. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01734629 [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/])


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Spirometry , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Epidemiologic Methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
5.
Clinics ; 72(10): 595-599, Oct. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890676

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pulmonary function in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and analyze the influence of parity and smoking on spirometry parameters. METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study included a cohort of 120 pregnant women. The inclusion criteria were as follows: singleton pregnancy, gestational age less than 13.86 weeks, and no preexisting maternal diseases. The exclusion criteria were as follows: change of address, abortion, and inadequate spirometry testing. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02807038. RESULTS: A decrease in values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume were noted in the first second from the first to third trimester. In the first and third trimesters, multiparous women demonstrated lower absolute forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume values in the first second compared with nulliparous women (p<0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively). Multiparous women demonstrated reduced forced expiratory flow in 25% to 75% of the maneuver compared with nulliparous women in the first (p=0.005) and third (p=0.031) trimesters. The absolute values of forced expiratory flow in 25% to 75%, forced expiratory volume in the first second and predicted peak expiratory flow values in the third trimester were higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers (p=0.042, p=0.039, p=0.024, and p=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume values in the first second during pregnancy. Parity and smoking significantly influence spirometric variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Parity/physiology , Smoking/physiopathology , Lung/physiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/physiology , Pregnancy Trimester, First/physiology , Reference Values , Spirometry , Smoking/adverse effects , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Age Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(4): 290-301, July-Aug. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893854

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The treatment of COPD has become increasingly effective. Measures that range from behavioral changes, reduction in exposure to risk factors, education about the disease and its course, rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, management of comorbidities, and surgical and pharmacological treatments to end-of-life care allow health professionals to provide a personalized and effective therapy. The pharmacological treatment of COPD is one of the cornerstones of COPD management, and there have been many advances in this area in recent years. Given the greater availability of drugs and therapeutic combinations, it has become increasingly challenging to know the indications for, limitations of, and potential risks and benefits of each treatment modality. In order to critically evaluate recent evidence and systematize the major questions regarding the pharmacological treatment of COPD, 24 specialists from all over Brazil gathered to develop the present recommendations. A visual guide was developed for the classification and treatment of COPD, both of which were adapted to fit the situation in Brazil. Ten questions were selected on the basis of their relevance in clinical practice. They address the classification, definitions, treatment, and evidence available for each drug or drug combination. Each question was answered by two specialists, and then the answers were consolidated in two phases: review and consensus by all participants. The questions answered are practical questions and help select from among the many options the best treatment for each patient and his/her peculiarities.


RESUMO O tratamento da DPOC vem se tornando cada vez mais eficaz. Medidas que envolvem desde mudanças comportamentais, redução de exposições a fatores de risco, educação sobre a doença e seu curso, reabilitação, oxigenoterapia, manejo de comorbidades, tratamentos cirúrgicos e farmacológicos até os cuidados de fim de vida permitem ao profissional oferecer uma terapêutica personalizada e efetiva. O tratamento farmacológico da DPOC constitui um dos principais pilares desse manejo, e muitos avanços têm sido atingidos na área nos últimos anos. Com a maior disponibilidade de medicações e combinações terapêuticas fica cada vez mais desafiador conhecer as indicações, limitações, potenciais riscos e benefícios de cada tratamento. Com o intuito de avaliar criticamente a evidência recente e sistematizar as principais dúvidas referentes ao tratamento farmacológico da DPOC, foram reunidos 24 especialistas de todo o Brasil para elaborar a presente recomendação. Foi elaborado um guia visual para a classificação e tratamento adaptados à nossa realidade. Dez perguntas foram selecionadas pela relevância na prática clínica. Abordam a classificação, definições, tratamento e evidências disponíveis para cada medicação ou combinação. Cada pergunta foi respondida por dois especialistas e depois consolidadas em duas fases: revisão e consenso entre todos os participantes. As questões respondidas são dúvidas práticas e ajudam a selecionar qual o melhor tratamento, entre as muitas opções, para cada paciente com suas particularidades.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Management , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(3): 202-207, May-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893831

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the level of agreement with effective tobacco control measures recommended by the World Health Organization and to assess the attitudes toward, knowledge of, and beliefs regarding smoking among third-year medical students at University of São Paulo School of Medicine, located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Between 2008 and 2012, all third-year medical students were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire based on the Global Health Professionals Student Survey and its additional modules. Results: The study sample comprised 556 students. The level of agreement with the World Health Organization recommendations was high, except for the components "received smoking cessation training" and "raising taxes is effective to reduce the prevalence of smoking". Most of the students reported that they agree with banning tobacco product sales to minors (95%), believe that physicians are role models to their patients (84%), and believe that they should advise their patients to quit cigarette smoking (96%) and using other tobacco products (94%). Regarding smoking cessation methods, most of the students were found to know more about nicotine replacement therapy than about non-nicotine therapies (93% vs. 53%). Only 37% of the respondents were aware of the importance of educational antismoking materials, and only 31% reported that they believe in the effectiveness of encouraging their patients, during medical visits. In our sample, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 5.23%; however, 43.82% of the respondents reported having experimented with water-pipe tobacco smoking. Conclusions: Our results revealed the need to emphasize to third-year medical students the importance of raising the prices of and taxes on tobacco products. We also need to make students aware of the dangers of experimenting with tobacco products other than cigarettes, particularly water-pipe tobacco smoking.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o grau de concordância com medidas eficazes de controle do tabaco recomendadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e avaliar as atitudes, o conhecimento e as crenças a respeito do tabagismo em alunos do terceiro ano de medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, em São Paulo (SP). Métodos: Entre 2008 e 2012, todos os alunos do terceiro ano de medicina foram convidados a preencher um questionário autoaplicável baseado na Global Health Professions Student Survey e em seus módulos adicionais. Resultados: A amostra consistiu em 556 estudantes. O grau de concordância com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde foi alto, à exceção de "receberam treinamento a respeito de cessação do tabagismo" e "aumentar os impostos é uma medida eficaz para reduzir a prevalência do tabagismo". A maioria dos estudantes relatou que concorda com a proibição da venda de produtos do tabaco a menores de idade (95%), acredita que os médicos são modelos de comportamento para seus pacientes (84%) e acredita que deveriam aconselhar seus pacientes a parar de fumar cigarros (96%) e de usar outros produtos do tabaco (94%). No tocante aos métodos de cessação do tabagismo, observamos que a maioria dos estudantes sabe mais sobre terapia de reposição da nicotina do que sobre terapias não nicotínicas (93% vs. 53%). Apenas 37% dos participantes estavam cientes da importância de material educacional antitabagismo, e apenas 31% relataram que acreditam na eficácia de incentivar seus pacientes, durante as consultas médicas, a parar de fumar. Em nossa amostra, a prevalência de tabagismo atual foi de 5,23%; entretanto, 43,82% dos participantes relataram ter experimentado fumar tabaco com um narguilé. Conclusões: Nossos resultados revelaram a necessidade de deixar claro para os alunos do terceiro ano de medicina o quão importante é aumentar os preços e impostos dos produtos do tabaco. É também preciso conscientizar os alunos dos perigos de experimentar outros produtos do tabaco que não os cigarros, particularmente o narguilé.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Prevention , Smoking/epidemiology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Self Report , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Time Factors
9.
In. Kalil Filho, Roberto; Fuster, Valetim; Albuquerque, Cícero Piva de. Medicina cardiovascular reduzindo o impacto das doenças / Cardiovascular medicine reducing the impact of diseases. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2016. p.813-823.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-971570
10.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 37(5): 320-323, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764218

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Experimental data have shown that the transfusion of older red blood cell units causes alloimmunization, but the clinical applicability of this statement has never been properly assessed in non-sickle cell patients. It has been hypothesized that older units have higher numbers of cytokines, increasing the risk of alloimmunization related to antigen-presenting events. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between the transfusion of older red blood cell units subjected to bedside leukodepletion and alloimmunization.METHODS: All patients submitted to transfusions of bedside leukodepletion red blood cell units proven to have become alloimmunized in one oncologic service between 2009 and 2013 were enrolled in this study. A control group was formed by matching patients without alloimmunization in terms of number of transfusions and medical specialty. The median age of transfused units, the percentage of transfused red blood cell units >14 days of storage in relation to fresher red cell units (≤14 days of storage) and the mean age of transfused units older than 14 days were compared between the groups.RESULTS: Alloimmunized and control groups were homogeneous regarding the most relevant clinical variables (age, gender, type of oncological disease) and inflammatory background (C-reactive protein and Karnofsky scale). The median age of transfused red blood cell units, the ratio of older units transfused compared to fresher units and the mean age of transfused units older than 14 days did not differ between alloimmunized and control patients (17 vs. 17; 68/32 vs. 63.2/36.8 and 21.8 ± 7.0 vs. 21.04 ± 7.9; respectively).CONCLUSION: The transfusion of older red blood cell units subjected to bedside leukodepletion is not a key risk factor for alloimmunization. Strategies of providing fresh red cell units aiming to avoid alloimmunization are thus not justified.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Antigens , Autoimmunity
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 41(2): 124-132, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745919

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Smoking prevalence is frequently estimated on the basis of self-reported smoking status. That can lead to an underestimation of smoking rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between self-reported smoking status and that determined through the use of objective measures of smoking at a pulmonary outpatient clinic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 144 individuals: 51 asthma patients, 53 COPD patients, 20 current smokers, and 20 never-smokers. Smoking status was determined on the basis of self-reports obtained in interviews, as well as through tests of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and urinary cotinine. RESULTS: All of the asthma patients and COPD patients declared they were not current smokers. In the COPD and asthma patients, the median urinary cotinine concentration was 167 ng/mL (range, 2-5,348 ng/mL) and 47 ng/mL (range, 5-2,735 ng/mL), respectively (p < 0.0001), whereas the median eCO level was 8 ppm (range, 0-31 ppm) and 5 ppm (range, 2-45 ppm), respectively (p < 0.05). In 40 (38%) of the patients with asthma or COPD (n = 104), there was disagreement between the self-reported smoking status and that determined on the basis of the urinary cotinine concentration, a concentration > 200 ng/mL being considered indicative of current smoking. In 48 (46%) of those 104 patients, the self-reported non-smoking status was refuted by an eCO level > 6 ppm, which is also considered indicative of current smoking. In 30 (29%) of the patients with asthma or COPD, the urinary cotinine concentration and the eCO level both belied the patient claims of not being current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high proportions of smoking pulmonary patients with lung disease falsely declare themselves to be nonsmokers. The accurate classification of smoking status is pivotal to the treatment of lung diseases. Objective measures of smoking could be helpful in improving clinical management ...


OBJETIVO: O tabagismo autodeclarado é usado frequentemente para estimar a prevalência dessa condição. As taxas de tabagismo podem ser subestimadas por esse método. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diferença entre o tabagismo autodeclarado e o tabagismo determinado pelo uso de medidas objetivas em um ambulatório de doenças respiratórias. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em 144 indivíduos: 51 pacientes com asma, 53 pacientes com DPOC, 20 fumantes e 20 não fumantes. O tabagismo foi determinado por meio de autorrelato em entrevistas e medição de monóxido de carbono no ar exalado (COex) e de cotinina urinária. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes com asma e DPOC declararam não ser fumantes. Nos pacientes com DPOC e asma, a mediana de concentração de cotinina urinária foi de 167 ng/ml (variação, 2-5.348) e de 47 ng/ml (variação, 5-2.735 ppm), respectivamente (p < 0,0001), enquanto . a mediana de COex foi de 8 ppm (variação, 0-31) e 5,0 ppm (variação, 2-45 ppm), respectivamente (p < 0,05). Em 40 (38%) dos pacientes com asma ou DPOC (n = 104), houve discordâncias entre o tabagismo autodeclarado e a concentração de cotinina urinária (> 200 ng/mL). Em 48 (46%) desses 104 pacientes, o não tabagismo autodeclarado foi refutado por um nível de COex > 6 ppm, considerado indicativo de fumo atual. Em 30 (29%) dos pacientes com asma ou DPOC, a concentração de cotinina urinária e o nível de COex contradisseram o autorrelato desses como não fumantes. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos achados sugerem que altas proporções de pacientes fumantes com doenças respiratórias declaram ser não fumantes. A classificação correta do tabagismo é fundamental no tratamento dessas doenças. Medidas objetivas do tabagismo podem ser úteis na melhora do manejo clínico e no aconselhamento. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asthma/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Self Report , Smoking/epidemiology , Asthma/urine , Biomarkers/analysis , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Cotinine/urine , Prevalence , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism , Smoking/urine
12.
In. Soeiro, Alexandre de Matos; Leal, Tatiana de Carvalho Andreucci Torres; Oliveira Junior, Múcio Tavares de; Kalil Filho, Roberto. Manual de condutas práticas da unidade de emergência do InCor / Manual of Clinical management of the emergency unit of InCor. São Paulo, Manole, 1; 2015. p.959-980.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736716
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. [90] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-871514

ABSTRACT

Diversos estudos mostram a associação entre doenças respiratórias e doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Além de fatores de risco semelhantes, como tabagismo e sedentarismo, ambos estão associadas à idade avançada e inflamação sistêmica. O uso de tomografia computadorizada coronariana (TCC) com múltiplos detectores é método diagnóstico de doença coronariana, descrevendo a anatomia e a gravidade da obstrução. Uma das formas de se estimar o risco de eventos cardiovasculares é o escore de cálcio coronariano (ECC) obtido neste exame. Muitos pacientes são encaminhados para realizar a TCC para investigar DAC ou classificar o risco de eventos cardíacos futuros. Devido à associação entre os fatores de risco da doença respiratória e DAC, é provável que muitos desses pacientes tenham redução da função pulmonar associada. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a prevalência de alterações espirométricas na população em investigação cardiopatia por TCC e o impacto da alteração funcional no uso de recursos de saúde. Pacientes encaminhados para a realização de TCC realizaram espirometria. Esses foram, então, divididos de acordo com o padrão espirométrico em grupo função pulmonar normal e alterada (FPN e FPA). O FPA foi subdividido em padrão obstrutivo e restritivo (PO e PR). Os indivíduos foram seguidos por 1 ano quanto a internações hospitalares, procura a pronto-socorro e óbitos. Completaram o protocolo 205 pacientes. A prevalência de alteração espirométrica foi de 28,3% (11,2% no grupo PO e 17,2% no grupo PR). Apenas 8% da população do estudo tinha diagnóstico prévio de doença respiratória. Os preditores de alteração espirométrica foram tabagismo, idade e presença de lesão obstrutiva detectada na TCC. O grupo FPA apresentou aumento significativo no ECC (36 vs 1) e maior proporção de lesões obstrutivas coronarianas (57,2% VS 25,4%), principalmente à custa do grupo PR. Pacientes do grupo FPA tiveram maior procura à PS (20,7% vs 9,5%) e mortalidade (6,9% vs 0%) que o grupo...


Several studies have shown the association between respiratory disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition to similar risk factors such as smoking and physical inactivity, both are associated with systemic inflammation and advanced age. Coronary computed tomography (CCT) with multiple detectors is diagnostic method for coronary heart disease, describing anatomy and vessel obstruction severity. One way to estimate risk of cardiovascular events is the coronary calcium score (CCS) from this examination. Many patients are referred to CCT in order to investigate CAD or classify the risk for future cardiac events. Because of the association between risk factors for respiratory disease and CAD, it is likely that many of these patients may have reduced lung function. The study objective was to establish the prevalence of spirometric changes in population investigating heart disease by CCT and the impact of functional changes in use of health care resources. Patients referred for CCT performed spirometry. They were then divided according to spirometry results in normal and abnormal lung function group (NLF and ALF). The ALF was subdivided into obstructive and restrictive pattern (OP and RP). Subjects were followed for 1 year regarding hospital admissions, emergency room visits and deaths. 205 patients completed the protocol. Spirometric change prevalence was 28.3% (11.2% in OP group and 17.2% in the RP group). Only 8% of the study population had a previous diagnosis of respiratory disease. Spirometric changes predictors were smoking, age and obstructive lesion detected in CCT. The ALF group showed significant increase in ECC (36 VS 1) and higher proportion of coronary obstructive lesions (57.2% vs 25.4%), mainly at the expense of the RP group. Patients in ALF group had greater demand for emergency visits (20.7% vs 9.5%) and mortality (6.9% vs 0%) that the NLF group. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of spirometric changes in...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , Coronary Disease , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Pulmonary Medicine , Spirometry , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(5): 504-512, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728780

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of COPD patients to perform activities of daily living (ADL); to identify barriers that prevent these individuals from performing ADL; and to correlate those barriers with dyspnea severity, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and an ADL limitation score. METHODS: In COPD patients and healthy, age-matched controls, the number of steps, the distance walked, and walking time were recorded with a triaxial accelerometer, for seven consecutive days. A questionnaire regarding perceived barriers and the London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) scale were used in order to identify the factors that prevent the performance of ADL. The severity of dyspnea was assessed with two scales, whereas submaximal exercise capacity was determined on the basis of the 6MWT. RESULTS: We evaluated 40 COPD patients and 40 controls. In comparison with the control values, the mean walk time was significantly shorter for COPD patients (68.5 ± 25.8 min/day vs. 105.2 ± 49.4 min/day; p < 0.001), as was the distance walked (3.9 ± 1.9 km/day vs. 6.4 ± 3.2 km/day; p < 0.001). The COPD patients also walked fewer steps/day. The most common self-reported barriers to performing ADL were lack of infrastructure, social influences, and lack of willpower. The 6MWT distance correlated with the results obtained with the accelerometer but not with the LCADL scale results. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COPD are less active than are healthy adults of a comparable age. Physical inactivity and the barriers to performing ADL have immediate implications for clinical practice, calling for early intervention measures. .


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade de portadores de DPOC em realizar atividades de vida diária (AVD), identificar barreiras que impedem a sua realização, e correlacionar essas barreiras com gravidade da dispneia, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e um escore de limitação de AVD. MÉTODOS: Nos pacientes com DPOC e controles saudáveis pareados por idade, o número de passos, a distância percorrida e o tempo de caminhada foram registrados por um acelerômetro tridimensional durante sete dias consecutivos. Um questionário de barreiras percebidas e a escala London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) foram utilizados para identificar os fatores que impedem a realização de AVD. A dispneia foi medida por duas escalas distintas, e a capacidade física submáxima foi determinada com base no TC6. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 40 sujeitos com DPOC e 40 controles. Os pacientes com DPOC, comparados aos controles, realizaram menor tempo de caminhada (68,5 ± 25,8 min/dia vs. 105,2 ± 49,4 min/dia; p < 0,001), menor distância caminhada (3,9 ± 1,9 km/dia vs. 6,4 ± 3,2 km/dia; p < 0,001) e menor número de passos/dia. As principais barreiras referidas para realização de AVD foram falta de estrutura, influência social e falta de vontade. A distância caminhada no TC6 correlacionou-se com os resultados do acelerômetro, mas não os resultados da LCADL. CONCLUSÕES: Portadores de DPOC são menos ativos quando comparados a adultos saudáveis com idade comparável. O sedentarismo e as barreiras para a realização de AVD têm implicações imediatas na prática clínica, exigindo medidas precoces de intervenção. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Motor Activity , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Walking/physiology , Accelerometry/instrumentation , Case-Control Studies , Exercise Test/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Walking/statistics & numerical data
15.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(2): 102-110, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709767

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Water-pipe tobacco smoking is becoming increasingly more common among young people. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the use of water pipes and other forms of tobacco use, including cigarette smoking, among medical students, as well as to examine the attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of those students regarding this issue. METHODS: We administered a questionnaire to students enrolled in the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, in São Paulo, Brazil. The respondents were evaluated in their third and sixth years of medical school, between 2008 and 2013. Comparisons were drawn between the two years. RESULTS: We evaluated 586 completed questionnaires. Overall, the prevalence of current cigarette smokers was low, with a decline among males (9.78% vs. 5.26%) and an increase among females (1.43% vs. 2.65%) in the 3rd and 6th year, respectively. All respondents believed that health professionals should advise patients to quit smoking. However, few of the medical students who smoked received physician advice to quit. Experimentation with other forms of tobacco use was more common among males (p<0.0001). Despite their knowledge of its harmful effects, students experimented with water-pipe tobacco smoking in high proportions (47.32% and 46.75% of the third- and sixth-year students, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of experimentation with water-pipe tobacco smoking and other forms of tobacco use is high among aspiring physicians. Our findings highlight the need for better preventive education programs at medical schools, not only to protect the health of aspiring physicians but also to help them meet the challenge posed by this new epidemic. .


OBJETIVO: O fumo de narguilé com tabaco está aumentando entre os jovens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a prevalência do uso de narguilé e outras formas de consumo de tabaco, incluindo o fumo de cigarros, entre estudantes de medicina, assim como as atitudes, crenças e conhecimento desses alunos sobre esse assunto. MÉTODOS: Um questionário foi aplicado aos estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Os entrevistados eram alunos de terceiro e sexto anos entre 2008 e 2013. As respostas foram comparadas entre os dois anos de graduação. RESULTADOS: 586 estudantes responderam ao questionário. A prevalência de fumantes foi baixa, com um declínio entre os homens (9,78% contra 5,26%) e um aumento no sexo feminino (1,43% contra 2,65%) no 3º e 6º ano, respectivamente. Todos os entrevistados acreditavam que profissionais de saúde devem aconselhar os pacientes a parar de fumar. No entanto, a maioria dos estudantes de medicina fumantes não recebeu aconselhamento médico para deixar de fumar. A experimentação de outros produtos derivados do tabaco foi maior entre os homens (p < 0.0001). Apesar do conhecimento de seus efeitos nocivos à saúde, a experimentação de narguilé foi alta (47,32% e 46,75% entre alunos do terceiro e sexto anos, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da experimentação de narguilé com tabaco e de outras formas de uso de tabaco é alta entre os futuros médicos. Nossos achados enfatizam a necessidade de melhores programas de educação preventiva em universidades médicas para proteger a saúde dos futuros médicos e para ajudá-los a enfrentar esse novo desafio epidêmico. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Attitude to Health , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/prevention & control , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Products/classification , Universities
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(5): 613-619, Sep-Oct/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695174

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon event, the clinical picture of which includes retrosternal chest pain, subcutaneous emphysema, dyspnea, and dysphonia. The pathophysiological mechanism involved is the emergence of a pressure gradient between the alveoli and surrounding structures, causing alveolar rupture with subsequent dissection of the peribronchovascular sheath and infiltration of the mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue with air. Known triggers include acute exacerbations of asthma and situations that require the Valsalva maneuver. We described and documented with HRCT scans the occurrence of pneumomediastinum after a patient with bleomycin-induced interstitial lung disease underwent pulmonary function testing. Although uncommon, the association between pulmonary function testing and air leak syndromes has been increasingly reported in the literature, and lung diseases, such as interstitial lung diseases, include structural changes that facilitate the occurrence of this complication.


O pneumomediastino espontâneo é um evento incomum, cujo quadro clínico inclui dor pleurítica retroesternal, enfisema subcutâneo, dispneia e disfonia. O mecanismo fisiopatológico implicado é o surgimento de uma diferença de pressão entre os alvéolos e estruturas adjacentes, ocasionando ruptura alveolar com posterior dissecção da bainha peribroncovascular e infiltração do mediastino e do tecido subcutâneo pelo ar. Desencadeantes conhecidos incluem exacerbação aguda de asma e situações que exigem a realização de manobra de Valsava. Descrevemos e documentamos por imagens tomográficas a ocorrência de pneumomediastino após a realização de prova de função pulmonar em um paciente com pneumopatia intersticial induzida por bleomicina. Apesar de incomum, a associação entre provas de função pulmonar e síndromes de vazamento de ar tem sido relatada cada vez mais na literatura, e doenças pulmonares, como as pneumopatias intersticiais, contemplam alterações estruturais que facilitam a ocorrência da complicação. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Bleomycin/adverse effects , Emphysema/etiology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced , Pneumothorax/etiology , Respiratory Function Tests/adverse effects , Fatal Outcome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(4): 527-543, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-597205

ABSTRACT

Aproximadamente sete milhões de brasileiros acima de 40 anos são acometidos pela DPOC. Nos últimos anos, importantes avanços foram registrados no campo do tratamento medicamentoso dessa condição. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática incluindo artigos originais sobre tratamento farmacológico da DPOC publicados entre 2005 e 2009, indexados em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais e escritos em inglês, espanhol ou português. Artigos com tamanho amostral menor de 100 indivíduos foram excluídos. Os desfechos sintomas, função pulmonar, qualidade de vida, exacerbações, mortalidade e efeitos adversos foram pesquisados. Os artigos foram classificados segundo o critério da Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease para nível de evidência científica (grau de recomendação A, B e C). Dos 84 artigos selecionados, 40 (47,6 por cento), 18 (21,4 por cento) e 26 (31,0 por cento) foram classificados com graus A, B e C, respectivamente. Das 420 análises oriundas desses artigos, 236 referiam-se à comparação de fármacos contra placebo nos diversos desfechos estudados. Dessas 236 análises, os fármacos mais frequentemente estudados foram anticolinérgicos de longa duração, a combinação β2-agonistas de longa duração + corticosteroides inalatórios e corticosteroides inalatórios isolados em 66, 48 e 42 análises, respectivamente. Nas mesmas análises, os desfechos função pulmonar, efeitos adversos e sintomas geraram 58, 54 e 35 análises, respectivamente. A maioria dos estudos mostrou que os medicamentos aliviaram os sintomas, melhoraram a qualidade de vida, a função pulmonar e preveniram as exacerbações. Poucos estudos contemplaram o desfecho mortalidade, e o papel do tratamento medicamentoso nesse desfecho ainda não está completamente definido. Os fármacos estudados são seguros no manejo da DPOC, com poucos efeitos adversos.


Approximately seven million Brazilians over 40 years of age have COPD. In recent years, major advances have been made in the pharmacological treatment of this condition. We performed a systematic review including original articles on pharmacological treatments for COPD. We reviewed articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; published between 2005 and 2009; and indexed in national and international databases. Articles with a sample size < 100 individuals were excluded. The outcome measures were symptoms, pulmonary function, quality of life, exacerbations, mortality, and adverse drug effects. Articles were classified in accordance with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria for the determination of the level of scientific evidence (grade of recommendation A, B, or C). Of the 84 articles selected, 40 (47.6 percent), 18 (21.4 percent), and 26 (31.0 percent) were classified as grades A, B, and C, respectively. Of the 420 analyses made in these articles, 236 were regarding the comparison between medications and placebos. Among these 236 analyses, the most commonly studied medications (in 66, 48, and 42 analyses, respectively) were long-acting anticholinergics; the combination of long-acting β2 agonists and inhaled corticosteroids; and inhaled corticosteroids in isolation. Pulmonary function, adverse effects, and symptoms as outcomes generated 58, 54, and 35 analyses, respectively. The majority of the studies showed that the medications evaluated provided symptom relief; improved the quality of life and pulmonary function of patients; and prevented exacerbations. Few studies analyzed mortality as an outcome, and the role that pharmacological treatment plays in this outcome has yet to be fully defined. The medications studied are safe to use in the management of COPD and have few adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Placebos , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality , Quality of Life , Treatment Outcome
18.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(1): 118-128, jan.-fev. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-576120

ABSTRACT

O tabagismo entre as mulheres tem cada vez mais merecido destaque devido ao aumento (ou da redução menos acentuada) de sua prevalência em comparação com aquela dos homens, bem como devido a especificidades dos efeitos do tabagismo na saúde da mulher. Em 2010, a Organização Mundial da Saúde elegeu para o "Dia Mundial sem Tabaco" o tema "Gênero e tabaco com ênfase na propaganda voltada para a mulher", com o objetivo de estimular políticas de combate às estratégias de marketing da indústria do tabaco e conter a epidemia de tabagismo entre as mulheres. O presente artigo discorre sobre as características do tabagismo na mulher, abordando fatores como prevalência, dependência, a atuação da indústria, riscos à saúde, abordagens à cessação do tabagismo e estratégias de tratamento e prevenção.


Smoking among women has drawn increasing attention because of the increase (or less pronounced decrease) in its prevalence when compared with that observed for men, as well as because of the specific effects that smoking has on women's health. For the 2010 "World No Tobacco Day", the World Health Organization chose the theme "Gender and tobacco with an emphasis on marketing to women", with the aim of encouraging policies to combat marketing strategies employed by the tobacco industry and to curb the epidemic of smoking among women. In this article, we discuss the characteristics of smoking among women, addressing factors such as smoking prevalence, nicotine dependence, the role of the tobacco industry, health risks, approaches to smoking cessation, treatment strategies, and prevention measures.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Health Promotion , Marketing , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Smoking/prevention & control , Tobacco Industry , Tobacco Use Disorder/etiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control
19.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(4): 425-431, jul.-ago. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557132

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil de pacientes adultos com bronquiectasias, comparando portadores de fibrose cística (FC) com aqueles com bronquiectasias de outra etiologia, a fim de determinar se é racional extrapolar terapêuticas instituídas em fibrocísticos para aqueles com bronquiectasias de outras etiologias. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de 87 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de bronquiectasia em acompanhamento em nosso serviço. Pacientes com doença secundária a infecção por tuberculose corrente ou no passado foram excluídos. Foram avaliados dados clínicos, funcionais e terapêuticos dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Dos 87 pacientes com bronquiectasias, 38 (43,7 por cento) tinham diagnóstico confirmado de FC através de dosagem de sódio e cloro no suor ou análise genética, enquanto 49 (56,3 por cento) apresentavam a doença por outra etiologia, 34 (39,0 por cento) desses com bronquiectasia idiopática. Os pacientes com FC apresentavam média de idade ao diagnóstico mais baixa (14,2 vs. 24,2 anos; p < 0,05). A prevalência de sintomas (tosse, expectoração, hemoptise e sibilância) foi semelhante entre os grupos. A colonização por Pseudomonas aeruginosa e a por Staphylococcus aureus foram mais comuns nos pacientes com FC (82,4 vs. 29,7 por cento e 64,7 vs. 5,4 por cento, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: As causas e as manifestações clínicas das bronquiectasias são heterogêneas, sendo importante a identificação dessas diferenças na abordagem do paciente. Reconhecer estas diferenças é crucial para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para o manejo de pacientes com bronquiectasias.


OBJECTIVE: To profile the characteristics of adult patients with bronchiectasis, drawing comparisons between cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and those with bronchiectasis from other causes in order to determine whether it is rational to extrapolate the bronchiectasis treatment given to CF patients to those with bronchiectasis from other causes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical charts of 87 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis and under follow-up treatment at our outpatient clinic. Patients who had tuberculosis (current or previous) were excluded. We evaluated the clinical, functional, and treatment data of the patients. RESULTS: Of the 87 patients with bronchiectasis, 38 (43.7 percent) had been diagnosed with CF, through determination of sweat sodium and chloride concentrations or through genetic analysis, whereas the disease was due to another etiology in 49 (56.3 percent), of whom 34 (39.0 percent) had been diagnosed with idiopathic bronchiectasis. The mean age at diagnosis was lower in the patients with CF than in those without (14.2 vs. 24.2 years; p < 0.05). The prevalence of symptoms (cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, and wheezing) was similar between the groups. Colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus was more common in the CF patients (82.4 vs. 29.7 percent and 64.7 vs. 5.4 percent, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The causes and clinical manifestations of bronchiectasis are heterogeneous, and it is important to identify the differences. It is crucial that these differences be recognized so that new strategies for the management of patients with bronchiectasis can be developed.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bronchiectasis/diagnosis , Bronchiectasis/etiology , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Precision Medicine , Bronchiectasis/therapy , Retrospective Studies
20.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(2): 181-189, mar.-abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546372

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de curto prazo do uso de tiotrópio em pacientes com DPOC grave e muito grave com queixas de dispneia apesar do tratamento com outros broncodilatadores. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo incluindo pacientes com DPOC grave ou muito grave, com queixa de dispneia de pequenos esforços ou ao repouso. A cada 15 dias, o tratamento broncodilatador foi modificado: salmeterol, tiotrópio e associação salmeterol+tiotrópio. Ao final de cada regime, foram realizados testes de função pulmonar e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). Também foram avaliados o grau de dispneia e a capacidade de realização de atividades de vida diária. Para a avaliação das atividades de vida diária, foi utilizada a escala London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) validado para uso no Brasil. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 52 pacientes. Desses, 30 completaram o estudo. A introdução de tiotrópio como monoterapia resultou em uma melhora significativa (p < 0,05) da dispneia basal (média do escore da escala do Medical Research Council de 3,0 para 2,5) e ao final do TC6 (média do escore da escala de Borg de 6,1 para 4,5), e as diferenças foram significativas (p < 0,05 para ambos). O uso da associação salmeterol+tiotrópio resultou em um aumento significativo médio de 81 mL no VEF1 e na melhora de 5,7 pontos no escore da escala LCADL. CONCLUSÕES: A introdução de tiotrópio no tratamento de pacientes com DPOC grave a muito grave em uso de β2-agonistas de longa duração causa melhora na função pulmonar e alivio sintomático perceptível pelos pacientes a curto prazo. Esses resultados, obtidos em regime de atendimento de vida real, dão suporte ao uso da associação salmeterol+tiotrópio em protocolos de assistência específicos a esses pacientes.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term impact of tiotropium in patients with severe or very severe COPD who complain of dyspnea despite being currently treated with other bronchodilators. METHODS: A prospective study including patients with severe or very severe COPD and complaining of dyspnea at rest or on minimal exertion. Every 15 days, the bronchodilator treatment regimen was altered, from salmeterol to tiotropium to salmeterol+tiotropium. At the end of each regimen, pulmonary function tests and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed. The degree of dyspnea and the ability to perform activities of daily living were also assessed. To evaluate patient ability to perform activities of daily living, we employed the London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL), validated for use in Brazil. RESULTS: We evaluated 52 patients, 30 of whom completed the study. The use of tiotropium in isolation resulted in significant improvement in dyspnea at baseline (mean Medical Research Council scale score reduced from 3.0 to 2.5) and at the end of 6MWT (mean Borg scale score reduced from 6.1 to 4.5), and the differences were significant (p < 0.05 for both). The use of the salmeterol+tiotropium combination resulted in a significant (81 mL) increase in FEV1 and a 5.7 point improvement in the LCADL score. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of tiotropium into the treatment of patients with severe or very severe COPD and using long-acting β2 agonists improves pulmonary function and provides symptomatic relief, as perceived by patients in the short term. These results, obtained under real life treatment conditions, support the use of the salmeterol+tiotropium combination in specific treatment protocols for these patients.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Albuterol/analogs & derivatives , Drug Combinations , Dyspnea/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Scopolamine Derivatives/adverse effects , Activities of Daily Living , Albuterol/therapeutic use , Bronchodilator Agents/classification , Bronchodilator Agents/pharmacology , Epidemiologic Methods , Exercise Test/drug effects , Scopolamine Derivatives/pharmacology , Treatment Outcome , Walking/physiology
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